System



' UNIT-ED 'STATES PATENT OFFICE.

lBENJAMIN R. HAWLEY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNOR TO` AGNES HAW- LEY,OF SAME PLAGE. y

\ speedily will the air circulate.

HEATING SYSTEM.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 258,918, dated June 6,1882.

Application filed December 2T, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that l, BENJAMIN R. HAWLEY, of Chicago, Cook county, Stateof Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inHeating Systems, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in the endless hot-air-pipeheating system patented to me on the 27th of September, 1881, and isdesigned to increase the speed with which the air travels its endlesspath through the pipes, heater, and radiator, and otherwise to increasethe efficiency of this and similar apparatus.

The main feature of my improvement consists in passing the returnair-pipe's-viz., the pipes which conduct the air from `the radiatorsback to the heater-through cold-air ducts, whereby said return-pipes andthe airpassing through them are chilled and a greater dit'- ference intemperature is obtained between the air iiowing from and that returning`to the Vheater than is obtained by the construction disclosed in my saidpatent. As the air circulates in this apparatus in obedience to naturallaws, the warm air rising and the cold air falling, and as the hotterthe hot air is the faster it will rise, and the colder the cold air isthe more rapidly it will fall, it follows'that the greater thisdifference in temperature the more This isa desirable result, as theamount of heat carriedto the radiators depends in large measure .uponthe rapidity with which the air moves through the pipes.

There are other features of utility in my apparatus which will now beexplained, reference being had to the accompanyin gdrawin g, which showsa section of a dwelling-house to which' .my previous and presentimprovements have been applied.

In said drawing, A represents the fire-chan ber of afurnace, and A thejacket surrounding the same, leaving the heating-chamber A2 betweenthem, said heating-chamber forming part of the endless system heretoforepatented. From this heating-chamber hot-air pipes B lead upward to theradiators G and G', of which the former is located in a box under thedoor of the room, so as to warm by indirect radiation, and the latter isplaced in the room, so as to give out direct heat. These radiators arecomposed of exterior jackets, c, and vertical pipes c', extendingthrough the same,where by to increase the radiating-surface. The hotair'pipes open into the upper portion of the chamber formed by the jacketc, and the return-pipes B draw off the air from the lower portion of thesame, as clearly indicated. The radiator C' is supported upon aperforated base, 02,' to give the air access tothe under end of thepipes c'. The pipes B vdraw the air away from the radiators and lead itdown to the heating-chamber A2, They may be located in boxes or passagesB2, and some portion of them should be exposed in a cold-air duct, D,which is open to the outside air.l This will chill s aid pipes B andhasten the fall of the air therein, as already explained. This effectmay be increased by connecting the passages B2 with said cold-air duct,as shown in the case of the return-pipe from the radiator (hand thisenables the accomplishment of an additional desirable 'result-viz., theadmission to said radiator of pure fresh air, which is warmed thereby,and is thence sent into the room for respiration. .lf this latterfeature were used with the other radiator, C', then said radiator wouldheat by both direct and indirect radiation, as is obvious.

The smoke and products of combustion are led from the furnace through aradiator, E, much like those already described, being discharged intothe upper portion thereof and drawn 0E from the lower part thereof intothe chimneyE. This-radiator is inclosed in a box, E2, which is suppliedwith `air from the coldduct D by a passage, e, and said air', afterpassing ar'ound and through the tubes cof said radiator, is given exitinto the room above by the passage e. By this arrangement but littleheat is wasted through the chimney, and the room may be pleasantlywarmed by fresh air not overheated. Y

In addition to the, beneficial effect mentioned, gained by passing thereturn-pipes through the cold-air duct, it may be added that the freshair in said duct is partially warmed by contact with said pipes, andhence requires less heat from the radiators to bring it to the roovnecessary temperature for respiration also, that the cooler the air iswhen returned to the heater the more heat it carries away with it, sothat the furnace, which may belocated where little warmth is desired,may be kept less hot than it otherwise would be, and without impairingthe efficiency of the radiators.

In order that the drawing may be easily understood, I have used arrowsto denote the course and character of the various currents, as follows:The arrows with plain stems indicate cold air from the outside, thosewith a circle upon the stem the warm air from the radiators, those witha cross the hot air rising from the heater to the radiators, those withdotted stems the cooled air returning from the radiator to the heater,and the feathered stems the smoke and products of combustion.

I am aware that the return-pipes have been passed across a narrowwarming-space exterior to the ordinary heatin g-chamber surrounding afurnace, and intended to bring the air in said warming-space to theproper temperature for respiration; also, that return -pipes taking theair from the floor of the room have opened into cold-air ducts, minglingtheir air with that of the ducts; also, that return-pipes have beenemployed to conduct the air from the floor of the rooms toheating-radiators, which delivered it again to the rooms at the upperpart thereof'. For obvious reasons none ot' these systems em brace myinvention.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The combination of the return-pipe with the cold-air duct, throughwhich it passes without opening' thereinto, whereby the returnpipe issubjected to the cooling effect ot' the outside atmosphere before thelatter becomes warmed, substantially as specied.

2. The combination, with the return-pipes. the radiators, andthecold-air duct, ot the passages surrounding the return-pipes andconnectin g the cold-air duct with the radiator, substantially as setforth.

B. l. HAWLEY.

Witnesses:

H. M. MUNDAY, C. W. AUSTIN.

